The bastard children

This chapter argues for the rich and varied approaches taken by the aristocracy and gentry in providing for illegitimate children. Insights into the immediate circumstances of the birth are provided in the naming of the bastard child, both in forenames and family names attributed and adopted – suggesting the relative importance of the mistress’s family, anyone involved in fostering the child, and the elite family involved. Considering the later life of the bastard child, the chapter examines evidence for gendered and status differences e.g. in finding marriage partners or in financial provision. One important question is the degree to which these children were able to maintain gentle status. Many were evidently able to sustain the standing of gentlemen and gentlewomen; many males, in particular, proved to be vital supports to their kin, playing a full role in society and politics within and without family networks. Further, bastard offspring of the elite were able to accumulate considerable wealth and power – as in the case of Thomas Egerton, the illegitimate son of Sir Richard Egerton of Ridley who rose to become lord chancellor. The period saw an increasing scope for the careers of illegitimate offspring of the elite, in the law, the church, military service, and other areas.