Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 triggers pathological cardiac hypertrophy via activating IRE1α-sXBP1-GATA4 pathway

Abstract Background: Pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent predecessor of heart failure (HF), which remains the leading cause of worldwide mortality. However, current evidence on the molecular determinants of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still inadequacy. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 16 (PARP16) in the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Gain and loss of function approaches were used to demonstrate the effects of genetic overexpression or deletion of PARP16 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth in vitro . Ablation of PARP16 by transducing the myocardium with adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)encoding PARP16 shRNA were then subjected to transverse aortic construction (TAC) to investigate the effect of PARP16 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy in vivo . Coimmunoprecipitation (IP) and western blot assays were used to detect the mechanisms of PARP16 in regulating cardiac hypertrophic development. Results: PARP16 deficiency rescued cardiac dysfunction and ameliorated TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vivo , as well as phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses in vitro . Whereas overexpression of PARP16 exacerbated hypertrophic responses including the augmented cardiomyocyte surface area and upregulation of the fetal gene expressions. Mechanistically, PARP16 interacted with and ADP-ribosylated IRE1α and then mediated the hypertrophic responses through activating the IRE1α-sXBP1-GATA4 pathway. Conclusions: Collectively, our results implicated that PARP16 is a contributor of pathological cardiac hypertrophy at least in part via activating the IRE 1α -sXBP1-GATA4 pathway, and may be regarded as a new potential target for exploring effective therapeutic interventions of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.