Characterization of Chemically Activated Carbons Produced from Coconut and Palm Kernel Shells Using SEM and FTIR Analyses

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of chemically activated carbons produced from coconut (CS) and palm kernel (PKS) shells impregnated with 1M solution of K₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ at 1000⁰C using Carbolite Muffle Furnace were studied. Results from the FTIR analyses revealed that the coconut and palm kernel shells manufactured were successfully chemically activated. Several chemical compounds and functional groups were found in chemically activated carbon made from palm kernels and coconut shells such as hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, ethers, alkanes, alkenes and aromatic groups present as evidence of the lignocellulose structure in them. Chemically activated carbon made from coconut shells exhibited nine distinct spectra, while palm kernel shells exhibited six distinct spectra. The chemically activated carbons generated at a higher temperature (1000⁰C) had larger pores, indicating that temperature is an important process parameter in the development of surface porosity in chemically activated carbons. The chemical carbonization activation methods used provided porosity, a large surface area, and precise morphology for absorption in both the coconut and palm kernel shells, indicating that they can be turned to high-performance adsorbents. Both organic and inorganic contaminants can be removed from the environment using the chemically activated carbons produced.