An in vitro comparative assessment of microleakage among different pit and fissure sealants using dye penetration after thermocycling

Background: Dental caries is a highly prevalent condition among children and adolescents. Primary prevention is more cost-effective and lowers the risk of caries, especially with pit and fissure sealants. To evaluate and compare the microleakage of various pit and fissure sealants by dye penetration. Methods: Eighty caries-free permanent premolars were randomly assigned into four groups (n=20): unfilled resin-based sealant (Clinpro; 3M), filled resin-based sealant (Helioseal F; Ivoclar), nano-filled flowable composite (Filtek Z350XT; 3M) and self-adhering composite (Constic; DMG). Groups 1-3 had their enamel etched and bonded before application whereas Group 4 received self-adhering composite directly. The specimens were thermocycled (1000 cycles, 5°C–55°C) and light-cured. After 24 hours, microleakage was assessed using 2% basic fuchsine dye penetration and evaluated under 50× magnification using a stereomicroscope. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests. Results: Filtek Z350XT had the lowest mean microleakage (0.45), whereas Clinpro had the highest (3.40). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: The nano-filled flowable composite demonstrated least microleakage, suggesting superior marginal sealing ability and alternative to conventional sealants in pediatric patients.