Macroscopic features of earthquake induced soil liquefaction and its influence on ground damage

In current methods for evaluating the liquefaction potential of soils, there are many uncertainties. A new approach to this problem is presented which shows that the macrofeatures of liquefaction and the earthquake damage modes of the ground can be predicted by analyzing aerial photographs that show the local microgeomorphic conditions of sites in strongly seismic areas. Using the new approach, a more reliable assessment of the liquefaction potential can be achieved, forming an important basis for the general planning and design of construction projects.This paper deals with the soil liquefaction potential problem using the vast area of the Tangshan earthquake as a model. The macroscopic patterns of liquefaction are divided into three categories, each with three subtypes. The mechanism of formation and the damaging effect of each pattern is discussed.There is evidence that, for given similar soil conditions, local geomorphic characteristics have a decisive effect on the macrofeatures of liquefaction and damage on the ground. This might provide a new basis for the avoidance of liquefaction-prone areas.