Camel Urine Characteristics and its Bioactive Molecules on Potential Impacts against Diseases and Pathogenic Microorganisms

Background: Camel urine (CU) traits varied depending on hydration status, dietary intake, physiological and health conditions. The CU impacts against diseases and pathogenic microorganisms were greatly differed. Methods: The camel urine can be explored from virgin and mature healthy females and males under different management conditions. Urine sample quantity, storage and camel characteristics in addition to country of study were indicated in the article. Effects of different forms of camel urine including fresh urine, enzymatic hydrolysed form, a lyophilized form, bioactive fraction (prophet medicine fraction; PMF) of camel urine were explored in vivo and in vitro in different experiments to explore their antimicrobial properties. The articles concerning fresh camel urine and its fractions against pathogenic microorganisms and diseases were collected from PubMed, SciencDirect and Google Scholar databases. Result: The results indicated antibacterial, antifungal and antiviruses activities of camel urine in addition to hepatoprotective, gastroprotective and anti-cancer effectives. Camel urine and its fractions has a distinctive ability to kill bacteria, viruses and fungi. The compounds of camel urine aid in recovery like metabolites, hormones, corticosteroids and urea. In addition, camel urine was reported as anticancer, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiplatelet and antiapoptotic agent. Collectively, it could be concluded that camel urine and its fractions have a wide range against pathogenic microorganisms and diseases with the potential hygienic procedure.