Pumpkin (Cucurbita ssp.): A neglected and underutilized crop with potential for production in Africa

The genus Cucurbita includes 20-27 species of which 5 are the most cultivated in the world. The 5 species are Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima D (giant/tropical/African pumpkin), C. moschata D (butternut/winter squash) and C. pepo L. (Courgette/Zucchini). Cucurbita moschata D, C. pepo L and C. maxima D are the most cultivated species worldwide and have high production. This review paper discusses the 3 species of Cucurbita that are commonly grown worldwide. In addition, it looks at their production and utilization in some African countries. Cucurbita species are native to Central and South America and are distributed from United States to Argentina. They are warm-season annuals, thriving in hot and humid conditions. The term ‘pumpkin’ refers to the 5 species commonly cultivated globally. Pumpkins are grown in almost all arable regions of the world, from cool temperate to warm tropical zones. They are grown for their fruits, leaves, flowers and seeds. Asia is the largest producer of pumpkins followed by Europe with Africa coming a far third. China is the world’s largest producer accounting for more than 30% of global production. Pumpkin is highly nutritious; the leaves, fruits, flowers and seeds are health promoting food. Pumpkins are used to cure many diseases. The fruit is an excellent source of vitamin A which the body needs for proper growth, healthy eyes and protection from diseases. However, pumpkins are neglected and underutilized in Africa. They are considered poor man’s food and receive minimal attention from researchers and policy-makers. There is need to promote pumpkin production and utilization in Africa.