Ontogenic Learning Obstacles in The Learning of Functional Graph Topic Form Two

The textbooks used are now the primary reference for teachers and students in following the learning system that the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) has set up. This study explored students' ontogenic learning obstacles in learning Functional Graph Topic Form Two which is in the textbook. The researcher used a qualitative design by conducting semi-structured interviews with six students form two students who had undergone learning the Functional Graph Topic. The interviews were based on the student's experiences and answers to the written test sessions. Six respondents were selected from 22 students based on the criteria of the written test who studied the Functional Graph Topic with the same teacher. After the selection, interviews were conducted with the six respondents. Some aspects of ontogenic learning obstacles are psychological ontogenic learning obstacles, instrumental ontogenic learning obstacles, and conceptual ontogenic learning obstacles. In this research, the aspect of psychological ontogenic learning obstacles, there were 33.33% student face the obstacle in the preparation for learning the Functional Graph Topic, while for interest in the Functional Graph Topic was 83.33%, and 66.66% for motivation to learn the Functional Graph Topic. Students also face instrumental ontogenic learning obstacles which 50% students face obstacle in student's existing knowledge, while the elements seen in the conceptual ontogenic learning obstacles involve 66.66% of the student's learning experience. This data found that students experienced varying ontogenic learning obstacles, but some faced all elements of ontogenic learning obstacles, while others only experienced certain elements. In conclusion, every student faces at least one aspect of the ontogenic learning obstacles. Based on the conclusion of the data, this research can assist teachers in creating an alternative to reduce the chances of students experiencing ontogenic learning obstacles when learning the Functional Graph Topic Form Two like teachers can use different teaching methods by providing different learning materials for students with different skill levels, such as more challenging worksheets for more advanced students.