Knowledge Gaps and Informational Barriers to Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing in Sri Lankan Maternity Care

Abstract Background Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has transformed prenatal screening globally. While available in Sri Lanka's private sector, NIPT is not yet integrated into the national antenatal care program. Understanding pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes toward NIPT is crucial for developing appropriate guidelines and protocols for prenatal testing. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited pregnant women attending fetal medicine clinics at North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama (NCTH) and Ninewells Care Mother & Baby Hospital, Narahenpita. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing demographic information, knowledge of NIPT, attitudes toward NIPT, and factors influencing decision-making regarding NIPT. Results A total of 179 pregnant women participated (119 from NCTH, 60 from Ninewells). Most participants (72%) were in their second trimester, with 44% aged 35–44 years. Only 18% were aware that NIPT is available in Sri Lanka, and 17% knew it involves maternal blood testing. Knowledge about NIPT was significantly higher among participants from Ninewells Hospital (p = 0.0001) and those with postgraduate education (p < 0.0001). All participants (100%) expressed desire for comprehensive information about their baby, with concern for baby's safety (97%) and quality of life for a child with chromosomal abnormality (93%) being primary decision-making factors. Conclusion Most Sri Lankan pregnant women lack adequate knowledge about NIPT despite demonstrating significant interest. Educational level and healthcare setting were major determinants of NIPT awareness. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive educational initiatives targeting both healthcare providers and pregnant women to improve informed decision-making regarding prenatal testing options.