Bridging the Gap: Socioeconomic Disparities in Coronary Heart Disease Knowledge, Awareness, and Lifestyle Practices in Bangladesh

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with a rising burden in low– and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh due to demographic and lifestyle changes. Socioeconomic disparities influence exposure to CHD risk factors, access to health information, and adoption of preventive behaviors. Impact of these disparities is essential for designing targeted and inclusive interventions. The main aim of this study was to compare coronary heart disease (CHD)-related knowledge, awareness, and lifestyle practices between people of high socioeconomic status (HSES) and low socioeconomic status (LSES) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The relationship between knowledge and awareness about CHD was also examined, as were relationships of knowledge and awareness with lifestyle practices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated four-section questionnaire, developed in English, translated into Bengali, and pretested for clarity and cultural appropriateness. Semistructured interviews, comprising both open and fixed-choice questions, were used to obtain information from 238 HSES and 240 LSES people. Knowledge concerning CHD was assessed in terms of epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptoms of heart attack, prevention, and treatment. Participants were asked about their awareness concerning CHD, their risk factors, taking preventive action against CHD, prediagnosed medical conditions including CHD, family history of CHD, awareness of any people who had been diagnosed with CHD in their community, and the action that the participant would take in the event of a heart attack. Participants’ lifestyle practices were assessed concerning tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing, physical activity, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption. Data were analyzed with goodness-of-fit chi-square tests, correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Results None of the participants in either group were categorized as having a good or very good level of knowledge about CHD, and very low percentages of participants had either a good or very good level of awareness about CHD. However, HSES participants had higher levels of both knowledge and awareness about CHD than did LSES interviewees. More than two-thirds of the participants from both groups had lifestyle scores indicating good or very good lifestyle practices. Knowledge and awareness about CHD were associated with each other in both HSES and LSES groups, but neither knowledge nor awareness about CHD was related to lifestyle practices. The multiple regressions indicated that participants from the HSES who were older had greater knowledge about CHD; those from the HSES who were male had greater awareness about CHD; and that better lifestyle practices were evident in HSES and younger participants. Conclusions Although knowledge and awareness about CHD are related to socioeconomic status, neither of those variables is associated with healthy behaviors. These findings highlight the need for context-specific health education programs to address gaps in CHD knowledge and awareness among lower socioeconomic groups in Bangladesh.