Guidelines Of Indicator Based Landslide Vulnerability Analysis and Risk Classification for Critical Infrastructure in Malaysia

Landslide is considered as the natural hazards that can cause harms to the environment, economy,and critical infrastructure. Damage to the critical infrastructure will further disrupt the interdependencies of essentialservices. Therefore, this study aims to develop the indicators based on landslide vulnerability assessment for CriticalInfrastructure (CI) in Malaysia. The selection and determination of suitable cluster indicators and sub-indicators weredone through a series of Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with stakeholders—local authorities, government agencies,and professionals who have vast experience related to Malaysia landslide hazards. The suggested set of indicators andtheir weights are determined by combining qualitative (expert assessment on previous records) and quantitativeapproaches (specific numerical modeling of the impact of landslides). Concerning the type of landslide, thevulnerability indicators, weight value, and index may vary across different study areas and types of CI. (building, road,dam and power transmission line pylon). This study proposed four clusters of indicators for landslide vulnerabilityassessment namely Susceptibility of the CI (C), the Surrounding Environment (E), Landslide Intensity (I), andPeople(P) respectively, with their respective indicators, sub-indicators, and weightage. The distribution of weightagevalue for a cluster should be in sequence from 0.1 (low influence to increased vulnerability) to 1.0 (high influence toincreased vulnerability). The total of the weight values assigned to indicators C, E, I, and P indicates the extent oflandslide vulnerability index, ranging from 0.0 to 1.0. The landslide vulnerability map are produced by combiningindividual landslide vulnerability cluster maps ( i.e. C, E, I and P) and landslide inventory map for each CI andlandslide type. The vulnerability index estimation for each critical CI and type of landslide is categorized into fiveclasses: very low, low, medium, high, and very high vulnerability, each accompanied by a description of the anticipateddamage. n this study, the generation of the landslide risk map relies on the qualitative approach of a risk matrix thatcombines landslide hazard map and landslide vulnerability map. The risk map for each critical infrastructure (CI) isdivided into five categories: very low, low, medium, high, and very high vulnerability, each with an associateddescription of the corresponding risk level. In conclusion, this study designed to be a supporting tool for land useplanning, landslide risk mitigation plan prioritization, and risk management for urban, suburban, rural, and urbanhighlands developments in the creation of sustainable development cities. It is meant to be utilized by local authorities,institutional agencies, and decision makers.