Backwater Effects in Rivers and Lakes: Case Study of Dongping Lake in China

In the context of global climate change, the frequency of watershed flooding events resulting from extreme rainfall has significantly increased. Especially at river or lake confluences, the presence of backwater effects greatly amplifies the flood risk. To investigate the influence of backwater effects on the hydraulic characteristics of rivers and lakes, this study focuses on the Dongping Lake in China. An enhanced two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was employed to simulate and analyze three different degrees of backwater effects. The results indicate that, compared to the working conditions without the backwater effect, the highest lake water level increased by 1.0 m and 0.1 m under severe and moderate backwater effect conditions, respectively. The total outflow flood volume decreased by 30.1% and 2.3%, respectively. The demolition time for the Jinshan Dam needs to be advanced by 12.5 h and 10.0 h, respectively, and the inundation area in the western region expanded by 2.73% and 0.32%. Additionally, the average inundation depth increased by 0.93 m and 0.08 m, respectively. These results provide valuable data support for the safe operation of Dongping Lake, the formulation of flood defense strategies, and, likewise, offer valuable insights into the risk management of flood events in other rivers and lakes with backwater effects.