The Role of Open Source Investigation in Investigating Gross Human Rights Violations in Ethiopia

This research explores the role of Open-Source Investigation in the investigation of gross human rights violation in Ethiopia. Gross human rights violation is defined as a breach of peremptory norms characterized by a serious degree, pattern, multiple violations, and intent. These kinds of violations recently are prevalent globally, especially in Ethiopia its common starting from 2020. When as such type of violations occur accountability plays a crucial role, effective accountability mechanisms rely on investigation to derive credible evidence. However, conventional investigation methods such as eye witness testimony, and observation are often rendered impractical by challenges such as active or recent conflicts in Ethiopia. Consequently, a broader approach is required, under the ambit of broader approach is Open-Source Investigation, Open-Source Investigation means investigation using publicly available information (social media). This study highlights that while Open-Source Investigation offers a robust alternative to conventional methods, its application must strictly follow international best practices, guidelines, Ethiopia's domestic legal framework and ethical standards to ensure reliability. To assess the practical application of Open-Source investigation in investigating gross human rights violation in Ethiopia, this research adopted a qualitative methodology comprising empirical and doctrinal approaches. This study evaluates the empirical data collected from key stakeholders, including EHRC, MoJ, CSO's and Federal Judges. The findings indicate that Open Source Investigation in Ethiopia is inconsistent and limited. This research concludes by recommending the development of a national legal framework that regulate Open Source Investigation, guidelines by relevant stakeholders that regulates their investigation efforts, institutional capacity building through investing in tools and training staff, and the adoption of ethical standards to ensure the integrity and admissibility of digitally derived evidence in legal proceedings.