The Treasonous Hat: Interpreting Gesture in the Treason Trial of the Earl of Strafford

This article explores the contested meaning of ritual in early modern English political culture via the 1641 treason trial of the Earl of Strafford. Of the twenty-seven charges against Strafford, one alleged that Strafford had abused his authority by leading a court martial against a personal rival. Strafford's defence hinged upon the fact that he had removed his hat while the court martial was in session, thereby surrendering any claim to authority over its decision. Strafford's accusers argued for a more comprehensive exploration of his actions and the staging of the event. An examination of how each side recreated the court martial demonstrates how rituals of authority were constructed, and challenged, by observers and participants alike.