Palmyrene Trading Networks

Abstract The operation of long-distance trade between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean was a major economic activity and an important source of wealth for the Syrian desert city of Palmyra. Palmyrene mercantile activities are attested not only in Syria and Mesopotamia, but also in Egypt, Yemen, and Pakistan and are likely to have extended to Rome and the Western Roman Empire. Palmyrene agents seem to have had a hand in all elements of the chain of operation, from financing, organization, and production, to logistics, transport, and trade. Palmyra is unique in the Roman context not only in its well-attested involvement in long-distance trade, but also in the preserved epigraphic record, which allows the reconstruction, albeit imperfect, of its commercial organization and practice in unparalleled detail. This chapter surveys the context, evidence, substance, and historiography of Palmyrene trading networks.