Socio-economic Determinants of Gender-based Violence [GBV]: SDG Analytics on the Global GBV Scenario With Special Reference to Technology Facilitated Gender-based Violence and Adolescent Birth Rates

Abstract Gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted problem. The most rapidly increasing modern form of violence is the intertwined epidemic of ‘Technology Facilitated GBV’ and sexual violence against women and girls. It was critical to understand the impact of technology and COVID-19 pandemic, on GBV exposures for the year 2021. A retrospective cross-sectional research design was adopted using linear regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) on SDG 5.2 with a set of global indicators, to elicit the socioeconomic determinants of GBV. Phase-I results exposed the top-four socio-economic determinants of GBV: Gender Development Index, Gross National Income, Human Development Index and Gender Inequality Index. Phase-II results indicated that the unethical use of technology was highest among the urban male internet users. The ICT-progress increased the incidence of TF GBV due to unethical use of technology. Phase-III:A country-specific case study on Mexico revealed the efficiency of utilizing an inter-agency approach, advocacy and legislation, to control digital violence and adolescent birth-rates. Phase-IV: Predictive analytics applied on SDG 5.2 led to the development of a GBV prevention business model and TF GBV disruptor strategy. In conclusion, women and girls, the key populations and female population living with disabilities, were most vulnerable and disproportionately impacted by GBV. The ICT progress was found to increase vulnerabilities and impact global health and productivity. There is an immediate need to empower women and girls, enhance economic autonomy, integrate holistic interagency interventions, mitigate cybersecurity threats with a sustained monitoring effort to eliminate digital and sexual violence against women and girls, by 2030.