Readaptation of functional capabilities of special unit servicemen with long-term hypodynamia caused by peripheral neuromuscular system damage

Purpose. To study the efficiency of readaptation of the functional capabilities of special unit servicemen with prolonged hypodynamia caused by neuromuscular system damage during long-term rehabilitation. Material & Methods. A study was conducted on 30 special unit servicemen, aged 25±1.6 years, who required immediate readaptation of their functional capabilities caused by prolonged hypodynamia lasting 45±4.7 days. The study participants were divided into three groups (10 people in each). Members of the first group were instructed to follow standard physical therapy protocols during the initial 70-day phase of their long-term rehabilitation. Participants in the second and third groups followed experimental training models for readapting functional capabilities. The heart rate variability (HRV) method was used to assess the adaptive and compensatory responses of the special unit servicemen to stress stimuli throughout the study. Results. All study participants showed high tension in heart rhythm regulation following the previous rehabilitation. In response to test loads, sympathetic regulation activity increased, and the central mechanism of sinus rhythm control was enhanced in special unit servicemen. The HRV indicators observed in the group of military personnel showed no changes after 70 days of following standard long-term rehabilitation protocols. In response to the test load, there was a shift in the vegetative balance towards sympathetic regulation due to the weakening of the high-frequency spectrum of the heart rhythm power. In members of the other two groups who followed experimental training models, an increase in vagal influence on the sinus node was observed. The results after the load showed a shift in autonomic balance toward parasympathetic regulation, indicating the activation of short-term adaptation processes. The most significant functional readaptation was observed in special unit servicemen who combined isolated exercises with high-intensity training under creatine phosphokinase energy supply conditions. Conclusions. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system for restoring the functional capabilities of special unit servicemen experiencing hypokinesia caused by peripheral neuromuscular system damage during long-term rehabilitation. The use of standard physical therapy protocols in long-term rehabilitation is ineffective for the readaptation of functional capabilities in special unit servicemen. The proposed mechanism, which maximally engages synergistic muscle groups while minimizing the load on injured agonists and avoiding additional stabilizer activity, enables selective muscle fatigue without disrupting adaptation. Applying this combined approach, integrating isolated exercises from power fitness and MMA, effectively enhances the readaptation of special unit servicemen during long-term rehabilitation.