Cognitive Recognition of Space and Social Connections of Traditional Villages in Shanxi Province: A Case Study of Ding, Shijiagou, and Yanjing Villages

The traditional clan-based structure of village society is gradually disintegrating due to rural population outflow and excessive tourism development. The construction of a diversified development model oriented toward the needs of local villagers is key to sustainable development and the preservation of cultural heritage. In this study, a case analysis of the Ding, Shijiagou, and Yanjing Villages in Shanxi Province was conducted. The research approach of “cognitive recognition–spatial structure–social connections” was used to integrate cognitive maps and space syntax with social network analysis to quantitatively analyze the cognitive elements in these villages, with the establishment of a collective cognitive map, global integration value maps, and villagers’ intention element cognitive networks based on functional types. The spatial cognition patterns and social network structures of these villages were explored and analyzed in relation to the complex interactions between villages from the perspectives of spatial cognitive preference, spatial accessibility, and social interaction to compensate for the limitations of using a single analytical approach. Differences in village cognition patterns were found—the efficient use of different types of space is influenced by spatial cognitive preferences; the degree of spatial integration affects the distribution of functional spaces, with high-integration areas tending to overlap with high-cognition spaces and featuring strong accessibility and connectivity; the density and stability of social networks significantly influence spatial cognition and the interaction patterns in villages; high-density networks enhance the frequency of interactions between villagers and the effectiveness of space utilization; and differentiation in spatial cognition among different groups may reduce village space integration, thereby influencing the overall social functions and cultural heritage of the village. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the connectivity and influence of key nodes, optimize spatial layouts and social network structures, and introduce modern elements while preserving traditional culture, an approach that can promote social interaction and spatial vitality in the villages. This study provides a scientific basis and serves as a reference for the construction of sustainable development models for villages.