Features of Patronage Services for Young Children at the Primary Health Care Level

Maternal and child health is a global priority, particularly concerning maternal and child mortality and the protection of socially disadvantaged populations. At the primary health care level, patronage services involve additional active visits based on an individualized plan for children identified as having medical or social risks threatening their life, health, development, or safety. This study explores the organization of patronage control for newborns and young children, based on a universal progressive model aimed at identifying and mitigating risks, as well as reducing the number of mandatory visits for families without identified risks. Purpose. The study explores the features of patronage services for young children in primary health care both in Kazakhstan and internationally. Methods. This review included observational studies, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and articles related to nursing patronage work. A comprehensive search was conducted across state, English, and Russian language databases such as PubMed/ Medline and Google Scholar. Keywords used included patronage, nursing, early childhood, active visitation, and care. The search strategy involved combining terms with logical operators and conducting manual searches for additional references in the reference lists of relevant articles. Results. Out of 112 articles initially identified, 38 were included after abstract and full text evaluation. The review highlights patronage activities provided to young children in Kazakhstan and other countries. Despite some differences in patronage services, commonalities were observed in the areas of service provided. Conclusion. While there are specific features of children’s patronage services in Kazakhstan, patronage nurses play a crucial role in monitoring the children's condition and living environment, conducting necessary examinations, and providing psychological support to both the child and family. Keywords: patronage, visiting nurses, children, active visits, care