Proterozoic stratigraphy and tectonic framework of China

AbstractThe time span of the Proterozoic is taken as from 2600 to 600 Ma with subdivision boundaries at 1850 and 1050 Ma respectively, as 2600 Ma seems more appropriate for the initial Proterozoic in China, Siberia and parts of Gondwanaland, and 600 Ma is an inferred age of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary based on recent study of the Yangtze Gorge section. The Proterozoic of China includes the Lower Proterozoic Wutaian and Hutuo-an, the Middle Proterozoic Changchengian and Jixianian and the Upper Proterozoic Qingbaikou-an and Sinian.Based mainly on tectono-sedimentary types and associations, seven stratigraphic super-regions are recognized in the Proterozoic of China and stratigraphic successions of various representative regions are shown in two tables, one for the Sinian and another for the Pre-Sinian Proterozoic. Palaeogeographic outline of the main super-regions and chronometric limit of the principal stratigraphic units are briefly discussed. Three types of stable Sinian successions are distinguished, the Yangtze type, the Quruktagh type and the Jiaoliao type, which are correlated mainly on the basis of tillite horizons and of sabelliditids and the Ediacara type of fossils. Semi-stable and mobile types of Sinian deposits in Southeast China are also briefly mentioned.The Proterozoic tectonic units of China and the nature of their boundaries are shown on a sketch map showing basement structures. Crustal sectors of continental nature are designated as continental tectonic domains, while broad and complicated crustal sectors of mainly transitional and partly oceanic nature may be called continental margin tectonic domains. The boundaries between these domains are usually the principal crustal consumption zones. On this basis, three continental domains, the North China, the South China and the Southern (Gondwana), and two continental margin domains, the Northern (Siberian–Mongolian) and the East China, are distinguished. Platforms, continental nuclei, massifs and uplifts are used to denote subdivisions within the tectonic domains. The development of aulacogens is an outstanding feature in the continental domains, especially in the Middle Proterozoic. Aulacogens may be classified into an intra-platform type and a platform margin type. Early Proterozoic aulacogens are usually brachy-axial and intermittent, and show conspicuous deformation at closure, much like a geosyncline. Thirteen aulacogens of different types are shown on the sketch map.The boundary nature of continental domains is analysed in terms of island arcs and marginal seas, and also of emplacement of granite rocks in border parts. The North China Domain was basically consolidated at around 1850 Ma and has a passive northern margin stretching from Nei Mongol to Central Tianshan, but the southern margin was active and was twice subducted by the Qinling marine realm at 1700 and 1000 Ma approximately. The Yangtze Platform was not completely consolidated until 1050 Ma BP but has a core older than 1850 Ma. A broad continental margin terrain had developed in the Jiangnan region and farther to the southeast in the Middle and Late Proterozoic. At least two island arc belts with interarc basins, an inner Fanjingshan and an outer Sibao, may be discerned in the Middle Proterozoic, and a Late Proterozoic island arc zone over 1000 km in length was developed along the southern margin of the Jiangnan Uplift, represented by the Banxi Group and equivalent strata. This kind of broad complicated continental margin tract which has a long development history may be called the open type or the West Pacific type.