Combustible Ethanol-Gasoline Blend for Reduced Carbon Monoxide Emission

This study presents the emission profiles and combustion characteristics of ethanol-gasoline blends in internal combustion engines with the goal of reducing environmental impact and increasing efficiency in Nigeria. The goal of the project is to assess the exhaust emissions and combustion properties of different ethanol-gasoline blends in internal combustion engines to increase efficiency and lessen environmental effect. Palm sap was used to make ethanol, which was then combined with gasoline from the Dangote Refinery's MRS filling station to create mixes E5 (95% gasoline), E10 (90% gasoline), E15 (85% gasoline), and E20 (80% gasoline). To establish performance criteria for these blends, known concentrations of n-heptane were added. The following physicochemical investigations were performed: density and specific gravity, octane rating, flash point, boiling point range, Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), and heating value. In addition, engine performance was measured at different engine torque levels (3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 kW) to compute the corresponding speed, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), fuel equivalent power (FEP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Emission tests were also conducted to evaluate gas emissions in compliance with environmental standards and regulations. Blends of ethanol and gasoline, particularly E15 and E20, provide promising ways to reduce air pollution in cities, boost engine torque, and use renewable resources that are harvested locally. In addition to providing helpful information for more general policy, technical, and scholarly conversations, this study highlights the role that ethanol plays in Nigeria's low-carbon energy transition.