Dynamic Resource Allocation in Future Cellular Networks: DUDe, MIMO and Beyond

Resource allocation in 5G and beyond networks remains a demanding problem, largely driven by the rising need for higher data rates, reliable communication, and large-scale device connectivity. This chapter examines approaches that combine Downlink (DL)/Uplink (UL) Decoupling (DUDe) with Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems to improve spectral usage and reduce energy consumption. DUDe is used to separate UL and DL associations so that User Equipment (UE) can connect to the most suitable Base Station (BS) for each direction, while MIMO techniques contribute additional spatial degrees of freedom through multiplexing and beamforming. The analysis also incorporates machine learning models that predict UE behavior and assist in adaptive decision-making, together with game-theoretic frameworks that coordinate UE association and resource competition in dense deployments. By bringing these elements together, the chapter outlines how future cellular systems can support more efficient and responsive resource management under realistic mobility and traffic conditions.