The Use and Abuse of Dark Humour in Emergency Services

Abstract Purpose This study examines general and dark humour among police and fire service personnel, focusing on its role as a coping mechanism and its potential risks. The research aims to identify cultural differences in humour use within these professions and provide recommendations to maximise its benefits while mitigating negative outcomes. Design A mixed-methods approach incorporated quantitative survey data and qualitative thematic analysis. One hundred ninety respondents from police and fire services participated, answering questions about their humour usage through a combination of Likert-scale items and open-ended responses. Findings Humour, particularly dark humour, helps emergency service workers cope with traumatic events, fosters team cohesion, and reduces stress. However, its misuse can alienate colleagues, harm public perceptions, and damage professional reputations. The study found significant cultural differences between police and fire services, with police being more cautious due to external scrutiny, such as body-worn cameras. Despite these benefits, inappropriate humour in sensitive contexts remains a concern. Research Limitations The study is limited by its reliance on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias. The sample size and scope were confined to two police forces and one fire service region, which may limit the generalizability of findings. Practical Implications Training on appropriate humour use, resilience-building interventions, and policies addressing humour boundaries are essential. Providing safe spaces for humour during debriefing sessions and equipping personnel with tools to navigate humour in recorded environments can mitigate risks. Social Implications This research highlights the need for emergency services to balance humour's role in coping with its potential to harm public trust and internal team dynamics. Clear guidelines on acceptable humour can foster a professional yet supportive workplace culture. Originality/Value This study contributes to the limited literature on humour in emergency services, offering new insights into its cultural nuances and proposing evidence-based recommendations. Differentiating between appropriate and inappropriate humour underscores the importance of structured guidance in maintaining professionalism and well-being.