Fluvalinate-Induced Changes in MicroRNA Expression Profile of Apis mellifera ligustica Brain Tissue

Fluvalinate is a widely used and relatively safe acaricide for honeybees, but it still has a negative impact on honeybee colonies. Such negative effects may be related to fluvalinate-induced brain nerve tissue damage, but the detailed molecular regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile changes in the brain tissue of Apis mellifera ligustica by miRNA sequencing after fluvalinate treatment. A total of 1,350 miRNAs were expressed in Apis mellifera ligustica brain tissue, of which only 180 were previously known miRNAs in honeybees. Among all known and novel miRNAs, 15 were differentially expressed between at least two of the four time periods before and after fluvalinate administration. Further analysis revealed five significantly enriched KEGG pathways of the differentially expressed miRNA (DEM) potential target genes, namely, “Hippo signaling pathway-fly,” “Phototransduction-fly,” “Apoptosis-fly,” “Wnt signaling pathway,” and “Dorso-ventral axis formation,” which indicates that differentially expressed miRNA function may be related to cell apoptosis and memory impairment in the fluvalinate-treated Apis mellifera ligustica brain. Ame-miR-3477-5p, ame-miR-375-3p, and miR-281-x were identified as key miRNAs. Overall, our research provides new insights into the roles of miRNAs in brain tissue during the process of fluvalinate-induced Apis mellifera ligustica poisoning.