Quantification of selected heavy metals through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry in containers of yogurts used in Erbil City, Krg, Iraq

Heavy metals are recently introduced in the manufacturing of various household utensils. The objective of this study was to investigate different heavy metals contents in the composition of yogurts containers collected from the markets of Erbil City. The collected containers were aluminum containers and plastic containers with several colors. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer was used to analyse the contents of nine heavy metals including cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc. The level of total detected metal load found in the analyzed containers. The recorded level for total detected metal load in the overall aluminum containers sample was very high and approximately 27 times more than that level in the overall plastic containers sample. Lead and cadmium were known as toxic heavy metals and detected with a high amount in the aluminum containers composition. The total contamination in the aluminum containers composition was noticeably exceeded the permissible world limits for heavy metals in packaging materials. Results obtained clarified that the white color of plastic containers is more preferable and safer than the dark or other multi-color plastic containers items in terms of heavy metals. KEY WORDS: Aluminum and plastic container, Heavy metal, ICP-OES, Yogurt Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1509-1519.                                               DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.1