Current Status of Genetically Modified Baculovirus Insecticide for Pest Control

Baculovirus is an insect specific virus which is harmless to human. This feature has made it suitable to be applied as biopesticide. It has been used to control the insect pest particularly in agriculture sector for half a century and several success stories have been shared. Nevertheless, this insecticide still cannot compete with the synthetic pesticides owing to its slow killing speed and deficiency of compatible hosts. Genetically engineered baculovirus has improved pathogenicity against insect by incorporating foreign genes. These foreign genes encode neurotoxin, hormones, enzymes, and antisense DNA. Expression of these genes can enhance the insecticidal activities of the recombinant baculovirus. Nonetheless, the genetically modified baculovirus still has not been commercialised until today. This might be associated with the concern about the release of the genetically modified organism (GMO) into the environment as the environmental impact of the genetically modified virus is not well understood. Furthermore, it has been found to have effect on certain parasitoid. In conclusion, genetic modifications of the baculovirus have successfully improved its insecticidal activities but insufficient knowledge about its safety has limited its use in the field.