Insights of Smallholder Farmers on the Trade-Offs of Eucalyptus Plantation

Eucalyptus is a fast-growing evergreen perennial tree. Attributable to its diverse economic values and a wide range of adaptations, the eucalyptus is commonly grown in tropical and subtropical environments. Eucalyptus is an economically important tree. However, the economic importance of eucalyptus ensued at the expense of undesirable ecological consequences. This qualitative study reports the advantages and disadvantages of eucalyptus woodlot establishment on the productivity of arable lands. In this study, 9 knowledgeable farmers were involved in an in-depth individual interview and 4 focus group discussions were made. Farmers have frequently reported the negative impact of eucalyptus plantations on the performance of the agricultural system. Eucalyptus imposes several problems in the agricultural system. It serves as a refuge for crop pests and pathogens such as aphids and rust. Besides, shade suppresses the development of understory and adjacent crops, pastures, fodder, and other species of native trees and shrubs if planted mixed. In addition to its impact on deteriorating soil fertility, structure, and moisture, it drains wetlands, springs, and streams and reduces the flow of rivers. Eucalyptus has increasingly replaced or suppressed the growth of eco-friendly native trees and shrubs traditionally used as hedges, windbreaks, fodders, shelters for wild animals, and enhancers of soil fertility. Nevertheless, farmers acknowledged the importance of eucalyptus as construction material, source of fuelwood and charcoal, and income. To make the best use of eucalyptus woodlots without imposing adverse effects on agroecology, farmers have suggested that plantation sites should be marginally suitable for crop and livestock production. The expanded plantation needs contracting by removing a significant proportion of the established eucalyptus woodlots. Plantation of eucalyptus around watering points should be discouraged. Fast-growing, resilient, and eco-friendly tree species, such as those from Pinus and Acacia species and other vegetations delivering comparable use values should be sought after.