Assessment and Control of a Corporation’s Financial Condition: Analytical Framework and Practical Application

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of corporate financial condition, integrating both absolute and relative evaluation methods to analyze stability, solvency, liquidity, business activity, and profitability. Financial stability is a multidimensional concept, reflecting the efficiency of resource allocation, the capacity to meet obligations, and the resilience of a corporation to external and internal shocks. Absolute assessment categorizes financial condition into four types absolute stability, normal stability, pre-critical instability, and critical (crisis) condition based on the relationship between inventories, current assets, and short-term financing. Relative assessment employs key financial ratios, including equity-to-assets, debt-to-equity, current and quick ratios, turnover metrics, and profitability indicators (ROE, ROA, ROS), providing a nuanced and dynamic understanding of corporate performance. The study incorporates a practical application using a hypothetical manufacturing firm to illustrate the calculation and interpretation of these indicators. Findings demonstrate that combining absolute and relative measures enables early detection of financial stress, optimization of working capital, and improved decision-making for investors and management. Furthermore, the literature review highlights the importance of governance quality, institutional oversight, and industry-specific considerations in shaping financial stability, drawing on foundational and contemporary studies including Altman (1968), Beaver (1966), Damodaran (2010), and Penman (2013). The results underscore the critical role of proactive financial monitoring, efficient capital structure management, and operational efficiency in sustaining long-term corporate growth and minimizing the risk of insolvency. Practical recommendations include strengthening governance mechanisms, streamlining liquidity management, optimizing the equity-debt balance, and implementing continuous ratio monitoring to inform strategic planning. Overall, this research contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of corporate financial evaluation by offering an integrated, multidimensional framework that is applicable across industries and organizational contexts. By bridging quantitative analysis, literature insights, and practical application, the study provides guidance for managers, investors, and policymakers seeking to enhance financial stability, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth in a complex and dynamic economic environment.