PURIFICATION AND XRF ANALYSIS OF Sindura (RED LEAD OR VERMILION)

Background: Sindura, commonly known as Red lead or Vermilion, is a crucial mineral in Ayurveda, historically revered for its therapeutic properties. This article emphasizes its purification processes and quality assessment using advanced analytical techniques like X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Sindura has been extensively valued for its therapeutic efficacy in managing dermatological conditions such as Dadru (ringworm), Pama (dermatitis), and Vicharchika (eczema). This study highlights purification (Shodhana) methods designed to detoxify Sindura and enhance its medicinal safety and efficacy, aligning traditional practices with modern safety standards. Methods and Materials: Sindura samples were collected, and detailed purification was conducted using Bhavana techniques with lemon juice (Neembu Swarasa) and rice wash water (Tandulodaka). Following this, XRF analysis was performed to assess the elemental composition of both purified and unpurified Sindura. Results: Purification significantly improved the sample's elemental composition, with increased oxygen content (+3.3%) and reduced toxic lead (-1.82%). Minor variations were observed in calcium (-0.90%), magnesium (-0.28%), and titanium (-0.121%), thereby enhancing the safety and therapeutic potential of Sindura. Conclusion: The findings reinforce the necessity of ongoing research to validate traditional practices, thereby improving our understanding of Sindura's therapeutic benefits in modern Ayurvedic practice. KEYWORDS: Red lead, Sindura, Shodhana, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Vermilion