Qualification and quantification of cyanobacterial biochromes from the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu, India

Marine cyanobacteria are a class of extinct photosynthetic bacteria that go back 3.5 million years. The most precious marine microorganisms are produced for various pigment extraction. Their production of beneficial secondary metabolites is abundant. Pigments are bright substances that are used to give other materials color. True pigments make up the majority of these coloring agents, which are also referred to as biological pigments or biochromes. These biological pigments are typically applied as a mixture of solid and liquid, as they are insoluble in water. The pigments are produced by living things, and particular light absorption methods give them their color. Natural selection has refined their metabolites over millions of years to have effects on a range of biological targets. The food, feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and aquaculture sectors all make extensive use of marine pigments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the many marine cyanobacterial species Microcystis sp., Lyngbya limnetica, Oscillatoria roai, Oscillatoria acuminata, and Oscillatoria princes, which have garnered some interest. These species were chosen for this examination of their biochromes, such as chlorophyll pigments, phycocyanin, beta-carotene, and phycoerythrin. Preliminary research had been done on all biochromes estimations, including those for beta-carotene, carotenoid content, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and chlorophyll pigments. At 5.9%, Oscillatoria princes had the greatest quantities of chlorophyll-a. The phycocyanin contents of Oscillatoria acuminata and Oscillatoria princes are higher, 0.78% and 0.85%, respectively. The amounts of carotenoid were 1.7% and 1.8% for Microcystis sp. and Lyngbya limnetica, respectively. Microcystis sp. exhibited up to 1.5% beta-carotene levels.