Surgical management of intraventricular neurocysticercosis: Two cases treated through transcallosal interhemispheric approach

Background: Cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is a prevalent parasitic infection affecting the central nervous system, primarily in low-income countries. Surgical intervention becomes necessary when cysticercosis manifests within the ventricular system, with endoscopic techniques increasingly preferred over traditional microsurgical methods due to lower risks and morbidity. However, the microsurgical transcallosal approach, although effective, is infrequently used due to its associated high morbidity. Case Description: We present two cases of multiple intraventricular neurocysticercosis treated through an open microsurgical technique using a transcallosal interhemispheric approach. Patient 1, a 56-year-old male, presented with severe headaches persisting for 6 months, while Patient 2, a 54-year-old male, experienced a sudden decrease in consciousness. Both patients exhibited typical magnetic resonance imaging characteristics indicative of intraventricular neurocysticercosis, leading to the decision for surgical resection. Conclusion: Despite the transcallosal approach’s decreased popularity due to associated risks, we achieved relatively good outcomes with minimal morbidity in both cases. Our experience highlights the importance of considering microsurgical approaches, particularly in facilities lacking endoscopic instrumentation, for the effective management of intraventricular neurocysticercosis. Compliance with postoperative medical therapy remains crucial to prevent recurrence.