TETANUS SITUATION IN PAKISTAN

Objectives: To determine demographic and clinical profile of Tetanus patientsand to highlight various management strategies as well as the outcome of the tetanus patients.Background: Tetanus, a preventable disease still found in high frequency in developing world.Globally one million cases are recorded annually. This disease found more frequently in patientswho are either non vaccinated or partially immunized. Diagnosis of Tetanus is solely made onclinical grounds with no definitive investigation available to confirm the diagnosis. Mortality ofTetanus is directly related to the grade of tetanus at presentation. Study Design: Descriptiveobservational study. Setting: Public and private sector hospitals of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period:1st Nov 2008 to 31st Oct 2015. Materials & methods: It includes patients of either sex abovethe age of 13 years who were clinically diagnosed as case of Tetanus. Data was collected forvariables related to demography, incubation period, site of injury, history of tetanus vaccination,co morbidity, stage of presentation, management & outcome of treatment, complications &mortality. Results: Total 131 patients of Tetanus were finally analyzed. It includes 124 (94.65%)male and 07 (5.34%) female patients with mean age of 34.06 years. 69 (52.67%) were farmers byoccupation. History of injury was present in 109(83.20%) patients & incubation period was < 10days in 39(29.77%) patients. Lower limb was the commonest site of injury noted in 86(65.64%)patients. Tetanus immunization history was positive in 63 (48.09 %) patients. Among the clinicalfindings, generalized bodyache or stiffness with backache was noted in 107(81.67%) patients,restricted mouth opening in 101 (70.09%) patients. Grade I Tetanus was noted in 63(48.09%)patients. Complications of tetanus were noted in 43(32.82%) patients. Mortality rate was notedin 33 (25.19%) patients. Mean hospital stay was 12.3±9.0 days. Conclusion: Tetanus is foundin significant frequency in our setup which carries substantial morbidity and mortality.