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Fitness reduction and mortality effects of neem‐based pesticides on the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col., Chrysomelidae)
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AbstractColorado potato beetle (CPB) adults and larvae were treated in the laboratory with extracts and oil from seed kernels of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.). Beetles exhibited a decreased feeding rate and reduction of fecundity and vitality. Morphogenetic defects were observed in the F1 progeny of treated females. The number of egg masses produced by females which fed on neem‐treated potato leaves were smaller. Partly the eggs showed chorion defects and dried up or were affected by fungi. Trials in small scale field plots confirmed the reduction of fecundity in treated beetles. The number of adults in the F1 progeny was reduced to 1 percent of the control group. Larvae showed a highly increased mortality when treated directly with neem oil in the laboratory or fed on oil treated foliage. This result was confirmed in small plot field trials especially when AZT‐extract and AZT‐extract + neem oil were used. These neem products were highly efficient against all instars of CPB.ZusammenfassungZum Einfluß von Niemprodukten auf Fitneß und Mortalität des Kartoffelkäfers, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col., Chrysomelidae)Imagines und Larven des Kartoffelkäfers Leptinotarsa decemlineata wurden in Labor‐ und Freilandversuchen mit Extrakten und Öl aus Samen des Niembaumes (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) behandelt.In Laborversuchen wurden bei den Adulten eine verminderte Futteraufnahme, Verlust der Flugfähigkeit und speziell bei den Weibchen eine reduzierte Fekundität festgestellt. Die behandelten Versuchstiere legten weniger und kleinere Eigelege ab. Teilweise war das Chorion der Eier geschädigt, die dann vertrockneten oder Pilzbefall aufwiesen. In der F1‐Generation behandelter Weibchen wurden morphogenetische Schäden beobachtet. Parzellenversuche bestätigten eine stark verminderte Fekundität. Die Anzahl adulter Nachkommen in der F1‐Generation wurde auf 1% der Kontrollgruppe reduziert. Larven, die im Labor mit Niemöl behandelt wurden, zeigten eine stark erhöhte Mortalität. Diese Wirkung konnte in Parzellenversuchen vor allem bei der Verwendung von AZT‐Extrakt und AZT‐Extrakt + Niemöl bestätigt werden, die gegen alle Larvenstadien hochwirksam waren.
Title: Fitness reduction and mortality effects of neem‐based pesticides on the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col., Chrysomelidae)
Description:
AbstractColorado potato beetle (CPB) adults and larvae were treated in the laboratory with extracts and oil from seed kernels of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A.
Juss.
).
Beetles exhibited a decreased feeding rate and reduction of fecundity and vitality.
Morphogenetic defects were observed in the F1 progeny of treated females.
The number of egg masses produced by females which fed on neem‐treated potato leaves were smaller.
Partly the eggs showed chorion defects and dried up or were affected by fungi.
Trials in small scale field plots confirmed the reduction of fecundity in treated beetles.
The number of adults in the F1 progeny was reduced to 1 percent of the control group.
Larvae showed a highly increased mortality when treated directly with neem oil in the laboratory or fed on oil treated foliage.
This result was confirmed in small plot field trials especially when AZT‐extract and AZT‐extract + neem oil were used.
These neem products were highly efficient against all instars of CPB.
ZusammenfassungZum Einfluß von Niemprodukten auf Fitneß und Mortalität des Kartoffelkäfers, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col.
, Chrysomelidae)Imagines und Larven des Kartoffelkäfers Leptinotarsa decemlineata wurden in Labor‐ und Freilandversuchen mit Extrakten und Öl aus Samen des Niembaumes (Azadirachta indica A.
Juss.
) behandelt.
In Laborversuchen wurden bei den Adulten eine verminderte Futteraufnahme, Verlust der Flugfähigkeit und speziell bei den Weibchen eine reduzierte Fekundität festgestellt.
Die behandelten Versuchstiere legten weniger und kleinere Eigelege ab.
Teilweise war das Chorion der Eier geschädigt, die dann vertrockneten oder Pilzbefall aufwiesen.
In der F1‐Generation behandelter Weibchen wurden morphogenetische Schäden beobachtet.
Parzellenversuche bestätigten eine stark verminderte Fekundität.
Die Anzahl adulter Nachkommen in der F1‐Generation wurde auf 1% der Kontrollgruppe reduziert.
Larven, die im Labor mit Niemöl behandelt wurden, zeigten eine stark erhöhte Mortalität.
Diese Wirkung konnte in Parzellenversuchen vor allem bei der Verwendung von AZT‐Extrakt und AZT‐Extrakt + Niemöl bestätigt werden, die gegen alle Larvenstadien hochwirksam waren.
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