Histological study of the possible protective effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger extract) on myocardial injury induced by nandrolone decanoate in adult male albino rats

Background Prolonged use of Nandrolone decanoate (ND), an Androgenic Anabolic Steroid, has been implicated in several forms of cardiovascular diseases. These included several types of arrhythmias, cerebrovascular stroke, and myocardial infarction. Zingiber officinale (Ginger extract), the herbaceous flowering plant, is commonly used in traditional medicine for treatment of many conditions. It has been known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-apoptotic effects. Moreover, Ginger extract has been proven to have antihypertensive and anti-platelet effects. Aim of the work To assess the possible protective effect of Zingiber officinale on myocardial injury induced by Nandrolone deconate in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods Twenty-five adult male albino rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into four groups. Group I (control group) included 10 rats and was subdivided equally into two subgroups; Subgroup Ia which served as negative control and Subgroup Ib where the rats received I.M sesame oil (solvent of Nandrolone decanoate). Group II included 5 rats that received ginger extract solution (160mg/Kg/day) orally for 6 weeks. Group III included 5 rats that received IM Nandrolone Decanoate (20mg/kg/week) for 6 weeks. Group IV included 5 rats receiving Nandrolone Decanoate and Ginger simultaneously as in groups III and II. At the end of the experiment, heart specimens were processed for a light microscopic examination. Morphometric measurements and statistical analysis were performed. Results In group III, apparent structural changes were detected in the cardiac muscle fibers showing disintegrated and vacuolated cytoplasm as well as nuclear changes. Signs of inflammation and congestion of blood vessels were also detected. Concomitant administration of Zingiber Officinale (Ginger Extract) attenuated these histopathological changes. Conclusion Zingiber Officinale (Ginger Extract) has a protective effect on Myocardial Injury Induced by Nandrolone Decanoate in rats.