ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ ГНУТТЯ ДЕРЕВИНИ ЯСЕНА

Factors affecting the bending process were analyzed: bar quality; type of wood; plasticization method; dimensions of the workpiece; type of bending; bending speed; wood temperature; wood moisture. It is substantiated that the method of bending by the method of plastification in ammonia vapors is quite promising, but poorly studied, because the process of plastification with ammonia has a chemical nature, and this requires the study of the value of the parameters of plastification for a specific type of wood in order to avoid unnecessary consumption of materials (wood, ammonia) and electricity. A methodology for the study of bending processes has been developed, based on conducting experiments for three variable factors in relation to their influence on product quality: material thickness 6, 13, 20 mm (h), bending radius 30, 60, 90 mm (R) and duration of plasticization of blanks 12 , 36, 60 mm (T). Based on the results of the experimental data processing, a regression equation was obtained that describes the dependence of the number of quality blanks Y on the material thickness h(x1), the bending radius R(x2) and the duration of plasticization T(x3). An adequate mathematical model describing the percentage of high-quality ash wood blanks from the three studied factors was obtained. The analysis shows that when the thickness of the blanks is 6 mm, the bending radius R(x2) and the duration of plasticization of the blanks T(x3) do not significantly affect the number of high-quality blanks, and this indicator approaches 100%. Whereas for the thickness of the blanks of 20 mm, with a bending radius of R=30 mm, we have the number of quality blanks at the level of 2.32%, and with the bending radius of R=90 mm, we have the number of quality blanks at the level of 45.47%. The dynamics of the increase in the number of high-quality blanks with an increase in the duration of plasticization for the considered conditions is 9.41% and 10.39%, respectively. The optimal conditions (h = 6 mm, R = 30 mm, T = 12 h) were determined, under which the highest percentage of quality parts Yяmax = 99.441% is observed. The feasibility of using the appropriate concentration of ammonia for plasticization during the production of bent blanks has been confirmed, but to obtain a high number of high-quality blanks, it is necessary to follow the proposed practical recommendations. Practical recommendations have been developed, based on the method of obtaining bent blanks by plasticizing in a 35% ammonia solution, which ensures the maximum yield of high-quality blanks with a thickness of 6 mm and a bending radius of 30 mm.