Biological Properties of Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O Nanostructures Grown on Ti35Nb5Zr Alloy

Surface modification of low modulus implant alloys with oxide nanostructures is one of the important ways to achieve favorable biological behaviors. In the present work, amorphous Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructures were grown on a peak‐aged Ti35Nb5Zr alloy through anodization. Biological properties of the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructures were investigated through in vitro bioactivity testings, stem cell interactions, and drug release experiments. The Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructures demonstrated a good capability of inducing apatite formation after immersion in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Drug delivery experiment based on gentamicin and the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructures indicated that a high drug loading content could result in a prolonged release process and a higher quantity of drug residues in the oxide nanostructures after drug release. Quick stem cell adhesion and spreading, as well as fast formation of extracellular matrix materials on the surfaces of the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructures, were found. These findings make it possible to further explore the biomedical applications of the Ti‐Nb‐Zr‐O nanostructure modified alloys especially clinical operation of orthopaedics by utilizing the nanostructures‐based drug‐release system.