Immunomodulatory and Antioxidative potentials of adipose-derived Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from breast versus abdominal tissue: a comparative study

Abstract Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered ideal candidates for both research and cellular therapy due to ease of access, large yield, feasibility, and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. Unlike the subcutaneous abdominal fat depot, breast ASCs features are still not well recognized, limiting their possible therapeutic use. ASCs were found to exert immunomodulatory and antioxidative activities for maintaining homeostasis and functionality of diseased/damaged tissues. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory and antioxidative potentials of breast versus abdominal isolated ASCs to find out which anatomical site provides ASCs with better immunoregulatory and oxidative stress resistance capabilities. Methods ASCs were isolated from abdominal and breast tissues. Gene expression analysis was conducted for a panel of immunomodulatory and antioxidative genes, as well as adipokines and proliferation genes. Flow cytometric analysis of a group of immunomodulatory surface proteins was also performed. Finally, the significantly expressed genes have undergone protein-protein interaction and functional enrichment in silico analyses. Results Our results revealed similar morphological and phenotypic characteristics for both breast and abdominal ASCs. However, a significant elevation in the expression of two potent immunosuppressive genes, IL-10 and IDO as well as the expression of the multifaceted immunomodulatory adipokine, visfatin, was detected in breast versus abdominal ASCs. Moreover, a significant overexpression of the antioxidative genes, GPX1, SIRT5, and STAT3 and the proliferation marker, Ki67, was also observed in breast ASCs relative to abdominal ones. In silico analysis showed that both of the differentially upregulated immunomodulatory and antioxidative mediators integratively involved in multiple biological processes and pathways indicating their functional association. Conclusion Breast ASCs possess superior immunomodulatory and antioxidative capabilities over abdominal ASCs. Our findings shed light on the possible therapeutic applications of breast ASCs in immune-related and oxidative stress-associated diseases.