Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center of western Nepal

INTRODUCTION The coexistence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 diabetic patients significantly increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. Due to its remarkably high prevalence, metabolic syndrome has gained significant interest over the last decade. Limited information exists regarding the occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 diabetic patients in developing nations like Nepal. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Western Nepal. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, Type I Diabetes Mellitus, and those aged less than 20 were excluded. Metabolic syndrome has been diagnosed based on the definition given by the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS The study involved 123 patients with a mean age of 61.44 ± 12.88 years, predominantly female (55.3%). Of these patients, 42.3% were classified as Obese. The overall prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients was 61%, comprising 75 cases. The most common component in our study was hypertension, with 82 cases (66.7%), followed by central obesity with 81 cases (65.9%). Among patients with Metabolic Syndrome, 66.7% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the 60-89 ml/min range. In females, central obesity was the most common component, while in males, hypertension was the most common component of Metabolic Syndrome. CONCLUSION The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was high. Therefore, timely detection and management of Metabolic Syndrome is crucial in preventing consequences and premature mortality in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.