Hybrid encryption for image security using improved Henon map with sine and cosine and Arnold’s transformation

Abstract This paper introduces a novel 2D chaotic map, the Two-DimensionalImproved Henon Map with sine and cosine (2D − IHMSC), which enhances chaotic behavior and security for image encryption by incorporating sine and cosine functions into the classic Henon map. The 2D-IHMSC produces improved sequences with higher sensitivity to initial conditions. The proposed encryption algorithm combines cryptographic techniques, including chaotic sequences from the improved Henonmap, bitwise XOR, diffusion, and Arnold’s transformation, resulting in inefficient and robust image encryption. These enhancements increase randomness, strengthen diffusion and nonlinearity, and enhance resistance to attacks. The method utilizes Arnold’s Transformation for pixel scrambling, addressing periodicity limitations by implementing additional security measures. It encrypts the image as a pixel distribution, demonstrating exceptional performance in critical areas, including sensitivity, correlation, and security.