Radiographic Assessment of Impacted Canines in Orthodontic Patients

Background: Impacted canines represent one of the most common eruption disturbances encountered in orthodontic practice, often leading to significant functional and aesthetic complications if left untreated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of impacted canines and to assess their association with demographic variables and occlusal risk factors. Study Design: A Retrospective study. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Rehman College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from January 2023 to December 2024. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 orthodontic patients were included in this study. Panoramic radiographs were evaluated to identify impacted canines and to assess their position, angulation, depth, sector classification, and associated root resorption. Demographic data and Angle’s classification of malocclusion were also recorded. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify predictors of canine impaction. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Impacted canines were found in 15.3% (26/170) of patients, with a total of 30 impacted teeth identified. Most impactions occurred in the maxilla (93.3%), were unilateral (84.6%), and palatal in position (60%). Moderate angulation (30°–45°) and middle-third root depth were the most frequent radiographic findings. Root resorption of adjacent lateral incisors was observed in 20% of cases. Logistic regression analysis showed that Angle’s Class II malocclusion was significantly associated with canine impaction (Adjusted OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.01–5.28; p = 0.047). Gender, age, and residence were not significant predictors. Conclusion: Approximately one in six orthodontic patients had impacted canines, predominantly in the maxilla and palatal region. Class II malocclusion was identified as a significant risk factor. Early radiographic screening in orthodontic patients, particularly those with Class II malocclusion, is recommended for timely intervention and prevention of complications.