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From Blossom to Bottle: Investigating the Distinctive Qualities of Coffee Honey in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil

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Honey is a beekeeping product that varies according to the region, season and origin of the flowers and must comply with legally established the quality standards. In this study, honey derived from a monoculture of Coffea arabica L. in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, was characterized for its microbiological quality, physicochemical properties, pollen spectrum, and caffeine content. All samples showed the absence of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Salmonella spp.; however, they exhibited the presence of molds and yeasts, ranging from 10 to 500 CFU/g, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria, ranging from 40 to 3,000 CFU/g. The moisture content was 17.30%, conductivity 368.92 µS/cm, pH 4.17, free acidity 16.94 mEq/kg, lactic acidity 10.59 mEq/kg, total acidity 27.57 mEq/kg, insoluble solids 0.0278 g/100g, ash 0.2021 g/100g, HMF 1.6155 mg/kg, color ranging from extra light amber to amber, fructose content 43.27 g/100g, glucose 45.10 g/100g, and sucrose 1.45 g/100g. The frequency of coffee pollen grains ranged from 63 to 94%, indicating a monofloral origin. The average caffeine concentration was 63.30 mg/kg. Caffeine and the frequency of coffee pollen grains can be considered important biomarkers for the characterization of this honey, in addition to its microbiological quality. The results contribute to the added value of this natural bee product produced in the southern region of Minas Gerais. Keywords: Microbiological Quality. Caffeine. Coffea Arabica. Physicochemical Analyses.Pollen. Resumo O mel é um produto apícola que varia conforme a região, época do ano e floradas, devendo atender aos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação. Neste estudo, o mel proveniente de uma monocultura de Coffea arabica L. no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foi caracterizado quanto à sua qualidade microbiológica, propriedades físico-químicas, espectro polínico e teor de cafeína. Todas as amostras apresentaram ausência de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella spp.; contudo, apresentaram presença de bolores e leveduras, de 10 a 500 UFC/g e bactérias mesófilas aeróbias, 40 a 3.000 UFC/g. O teor de umidade foi de 17,30%, a condutividade de 368,92 µS/cm, o pH de 4,17, a acidez livre de 16,94 mEq/kg, a acidez lática de 10,59 mEq/kg, a acidez total de 27,57 mEq/kg, os sólidos insolúveis de 0,0278 g/100g, as cinzas de 0,2021 g/100g, HMF de 1,6155 mg/kg, cor variando de âmbar claro extra a âmbar, teor de frutose de 43,27 g/100g, glicose de 45,10 g/100g e sacarose de 1,45 g/100g. A frequência dos grãos de pólen de café variou de 63 a 94%, indicando origem monofloral. A concentração média de cafeína foi de 63,30 mg/kg. A cafeína e a frequência dos grãos de pólen de café podem ser consideradas biomarcadores importantes para a caracterização deste mel, além de sua qualidade microbiológica. Os resultados contribuem para o valor agregado deste produto natural de abelhas produzido na região sul de Minas Gerais. Palavras-chave: Qualidade Microbiológica. Cafeína. Coffea Arabica. Análise Físico-Química. Pólen.
Title: From Blossom to Bottle: Investigating the Distinctive Qualities of Coffee Honey in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Description:
Honey is a beekeeping product that varies according to the region, season and origin of the flowers and must comply with legally established the quality standards.
In this study, honey derived from a monoculture of Coffea arabica L.
in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, was characterized for its microbiological quality, physicochemical properties, pollen spectrum, and caffeine content.
All samples showed the absence of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, and Salmonella spp.
; however, they exhibited the presence of molds and yeasts, ranging from 10 to 500 CFU/g, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria, ranging from 40 to 3,000 CFU/g.
The moisture content was 17.
30%, conductivity 368.
92 µS/cm, pH 4.
17, free acidity 16.
94 mEq/kg, lactic acidity 10.
59 mEq/kg, total acidity 27.
57 mEq/kg, insoluble solids 0.
0278 g/100g, ash 0.
2021 g/100g, HMF 1.
6155 mg/kg, color ranging from extra light amber to amber, fructose content 43.
27 g/100g, glucose 45.
10 g/100g, and sucrose 1.
45 g/100g.
The frequency of coffee pollen grains ranged from 63 to 94%, indicating a monofloral origin.
The average caffeine concentration was 63.
30 mg/kg.
Caffeine and the frequency of coffee pollen grains can be considered important biomarkers for the characterization of this honey, in addition to its microbiological quality.
The results contribute to the added value of this natural bee product produced in the southern region of Minas Gerais.
Keywords: Microbiological Quality.
Caffeine.
Coffea Arabica.
Physicochemical Analyses.
Pollen.
Resumo O mel é um produto apícola que varia conforme a região, época do ano e floradas, devendo atender aos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação.
Neste estudo, o mel proveniente de uma monocultura de Coffea arabica L.
no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foi caracterizado quanto à sua qualidade microbiológica, propriedades físico-químicas, espectro polínico e teor de cafeína.
Todas as amostras apresentaram ausência de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella spp.
; contudo, apresentaram presença de bolores e leveduras, de 10 a 500 UFC/g e bactérias mesófilas aeróbias, 40 a 3.
000 UFC/g.
O teor de umidade foi de 17,30%, a condutividade de 368,92 µS/cm, o pH de 4,17, a acidez livre de 16,94 mEq/kg, a acidez lática de 10,59 mEq/kg, a acidez total de 27,57 mEq/kg, os sólidos insolúveis de 0,0278 g/100g, as cinzas de 0,2021 g/100g, HMF de 1,6155 mg/kg, cor variando de âmbar claro extra a âmbar, teor de frutose de 43,27 g/100g, glicose de 45,10 g/100g e sacarose de 1,45 g/100g.
A frequência dos grãos de pólen de café variou de 63 a 94%, indicando origem monofloral.
A concentração média de cafeína foi de 63,30 mg/kg.
A cafeína e a frequência dos grãos de pólen de café podem ser consideradas biomarcadores importantes para a caracterização deste mel, além de sua qualidade microbiológica.
Os resultados contribuem para o valor agregado deste produto natural de abelhas produzido na região sul de Minas Gerais.
Palavras-chave: Qualidade Microbiológica.
Cafeína.
Coffea Arabica.
Análise Físico-Química.
Pólen.

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