Аналіз застосування технологій ПЛІС в складі IoT

The subject of study in this article and work is the modern technologies of programmable logic devices (PLD) classified as FPGA, and the peculiarities of its application in Internet-of-Things domain at different architectural layers of the implementation, as well as the elements of decision making during choosing of appropriate solutions based on FPGA in the context of implementation of IoT tasks with the requirements of intensive computations. The goal is to analyze the possibilities and peculiarities of the application of technology of programmable logic devices as part of the modern architecture of the Internet of Things with the improvement of decision making process during the choosing of appropriate technical solutions for the use of FPGA with taking into account the types of tasks. Tasks: to analyze the current state of demands regarding the use of FPGA technology in IoT projects; to analyze the challenges and limitations for the application of FPGA technology at different layers during the prototyping of IoT infrastructure; to propose ways of the use of FPGA technology in the IoT infrastructure with the use of high-speed computations; to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approaches of integration of FPGA technology; to provide recommendations and determine the further direction of the research of the use of FPGA technology as a part of the IoT infrastructure considering of AI/ML tasks; to provide a practical example of the use of FPGA technology during the creation of a high-performance IoT system. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The analysis of the current state of the use of FPGA technology in IoT projects is performed, that showed the significant potential of these technologies for the implementation of high-speed computations in Internet of Things systems. A classification of the ways of applying FPGA in the tasks of real-time data processing and implementation of neural networks is proposed. The set of limitations of the possibility of FPGA technology applying at different layers of IoT infrastructure is defined. It includes high equipment costs, the need for specific design skills, limitations in energy consumption, and the complexity of the integration with existing systems. The practical example of the use of the IoT system with the implementation of high-intensive computations is provided. Conclusions. The main contribution and scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the conducted analysis allows to make a decision about the possibility of applying programmable logic in the construction of IoT projects and home automation systems. Based on the proposed classification of types of IoT tasks, there is a possibility of making a decision on the application of FPGA technology as a separate integrated circuit in the system or using a complete instance of FPGA as a Service in the cloud environment.