Glycolipids from marine macroalgae: extraction methodology, isolation and biological activity

Abstract Considering the yield, concentration of glycolipids, moisture absorption and moisturizing activity of the extract, Bangia fusco-purpurea was selected from 8 species of marine macroalgae (Bangia fusco-purpurea, Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gracilaria sp., Palmaria palmata, Porphyra yezoensis and Scagassum sp.) as the raw material for the extraction methodology, isolation and purification of glycolipids. Through single factor and response surface experiments, the suitable extraction conditions (the solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and ultrasonic power) of the glycolipids from Bangia fusco-purpurea was: 1:27 g/mL, 49 ℃, 98 min and 500 W. Using the optimized process, the yield of extract and concentration of glycolipids in extract obtained were 28.1% and 116.9 µg/mL. Further, three compounds (H12, H22 and H33) were obtained from Bangia fusco-purpurea by liquid-liquid extraction, silica gel column chromatography and preparation thin layer chromatography, namely hexadecanyl-1-O-α-D-arabinopyranosyloxy (1→4)-α-D-arabinopyranosyloxy (1→4)-α-D-arabinopyranoside, β-Gal-(1–3)-β-Xyl, and docosanyl-1-O-α-D-arabinopyranosyloxy-(1→4)-3-O-acetyl -α-D-arabinopyranosyloxy-(1→4)-α-D-arabinopyranoside. This is the first report that these three compounds were isolated from Bangia fusco-purpurea. And those two with arabinopyranosyloxy (H12 and H33) were obtained from marine macroalgae for the first time. Also, the glycolipids from Gelidium amansii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gracilaria sp., Palmaria palmata, Porphyra yezoensis and Scagassum sp. were preliminarily determined by TLC and HPLC, and compared with glycolipid standard (MGDG, SQDG, DGDG), and found that MGDG or SQDG was existed in 7 species of marine macroalgae.