PRATT, D. & WOODLOCK, R. (EDS). (2016). FEAR OF MUSLIMS, INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON ISLAMOPHOBIA. SWITZERLAND: SPRINGER. 256 PAGES. ISBN: 978-3-319-29696-8

Douglas Pratt and Rachel Woodlock became the editor of the book entitled Fear of Muslims? International Perspective on Islamophobia. Fourteen writers wrote these chapters (based on research). It also consists of fourteen articles portraying the face of Islam in the West (America and Europe). This book proves the constraint in the encounter of the West and the Islamic World.   Rubbing from the encounter appears from the growth of Islamophobia in the West. Islamophobia is defined as “Dread or hatred of Islam and therefore, to the fear and dislike of all Muslims” (p.19), merely the feeling of hate and dislike toward Islam and Muslims. Douglas Pratt and Rachel Woodlock in the part of the introduction (Introduction: Understanding Islamophobia) mention that Islamophobia is not a new thing growing in the West. Islamophobia has existed in Western culture for many years. Both wrote that Islamophobia appeared in the West since the Crusade era, in 1095. Since that time, Islam has been the real and universal enemy normatively and fundamentally in the West.