Oleogels in Pharmaceutical Sciences: A Comprehensive Review

Oleogels are gel-based semisolid systems that exhibit desirable rheological, physical, and chemical stability, making them highly suitable for formulation development. They have wide-ranging applications in the cosmetic, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. In the pharmaceutical field, oleogels are extensively utilized in topical drug delivery systems and as oil-based gel formulations, particularly for pediatric applications due to their versatility and ease of administration. Oleogels are non-crystalline, thermoreversible, viscoelastic systems composed of a lipophilic liquid phase, such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, or isopropyl myristate, structured by suitable gelling agents known as organogelators. These organogelators form a three-dimensional network through self-assembly and physical interactions, which entraps the liquid phase within the system. Due to their lipophilic nature, oleogels enhance drug penetration through the stratum corneum, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy in topical applications. Additionally, these systems are resistant to moisture and often do not require stabilizers or preservatives, offering an advantage over conventional hydrophilic gels. This article focuses on the components, formulation strategies, and recent advancements in oleogel-based products, highlighting their significant role and growing importance in pharmaceutical applications. Keywords: Oleogels, Oleogelators, Gel-network Crystallization, Organogelators, Pharmaceutical Applications.