The Inner Tradition of Helü

This chapter suggests that Helü was considered a legitimate ruler in the Wu royal linage as he inherited the authority passed down from the founder Taibo and King Shoumeng. It recounts the reign of King Liao, which was treated as a transitional period much like the short-lived Qin dynasty. It also notes that the traditions of the Wu king Helü and his successor Fuchai are titled as the “inner tradition,” while the two kings from Yue, Wuyu, and Goujian, are identified as “outer tradition.” The chapter follows the chronology of King Helü's rule, wherein the structure continues the Shiji tradition and provides a comprehensive picture of the time. It examines a considerable number of stories that are supernatural nature or reflect strong yinyang and chenwei influences that were typical during the Eastern Han time, such as the Ganjiang casting swords.