The Role of Caste and Sect System in Marriage Decisions in Punjab: A Case Study of Chakwal

This study investigates the role of caste and sect systems in marriage decision-making in Chakwal, a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. In South Asian societies, marital alliances are deeply influenced by historical, cultural, and religious values, with caste and sect identities playing pivotal roles in determining suitable matches. Despite modernization and increased educational attainment, traditional norms remain deeply embedded in rural districts like Chakwal. This research aims to understand the extent to which caste and sect systems continue to influence partner selection, and how these preferences interact with socioeconomic factors such as education, income, and occupation. The research employs a quantitative methodology, using a structured Likert scale-based questionnaire to collect data from a purposive sample of 300 respondents (both males and females, aged 18–60). The survey includes variables such as caste significance, sect compatibility, parental involvement, and acceptance of inter-caste or inter-sect marriages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling. Findings reveal that caste remains a central criterion in marriage decision-making, with over 75% of respondents considering caste compatibility either important or very important. Sect identity also plays a significant but slightly lesser role, particularly among more religious families. Regression results show that caste has a statistically significant effect on marriage choices, even after controlling for education and income. The study concludes with policy and educational recommendations to foster more inclusive social attitudes and encourage cross-boundary marriages. It provides a nuanced understanding of how tradition and modernity intersect in marriage decisions in rural Pakistan.