Ecological problems of gardening in Chernivtsi region

The total area of gardens in all categories of farms is 28.7, thousand hectares (in the feminine age – 24.8 thousand hectares) in Chernivtsi region. 5 thousand hectares of intensive gardens, of which 11 gardens (area – 850 hectares) are equipped with a drip system irrigation. Growing fruit is engaged in more than 200 enterprises and farms. Export queries for gardeners grow globally: apples grown in Chernivtsi region are exported not only to Europe, Asia, America, Africa, but also Indonesia. According to official data, the export of fruits will triple. Each year, young gardens (area – 200-500 hectares) are planted, which are grown under intensive technologies, which allows to receive from 2 to 4 million units of fruit seedlings. For the long-term storage of fruits, 30 fruit stores were built. The largest areas of fruit planting are concentrated in Khotynsky (area - more than 8 thousand hectares), Sokyriansk (4,5 thousand hectares), Novoselyts'kyi (4,4 thousand hectares) areas. The average yield of apples is 100 c / ha. Gardening is intensively developed in all regions of the region (Kitsmansky, Vyzhnytsky, Glybotsky, Storozhynetsky, and others), which leads to the formation of a complex ecological state through measures taken to increase the productivity of gardens and store their fruits. Thus, the high demand of domestic and foreign consumers for gardening products encourages farmers to use irrigation systems. Gardeners from the early spring to late autumn spray gardens with the Italian motor sprayer «Solo». The chemical is distributed at the homes of inhabitants of settlements, private plots. This year, the Gosprosputerservice office in Sokyriansky district warned the gardener: pesticides can be used only at night - from 2200 to 600. Doctors also notice the negative impact of chemicals on the people health f. More birth defects newborns are diagnosed. It is through sprinkling gardens in children more often manifested various genetic changes in the body, bronchial asthma, allergy. For the last three years, leaders in the level of cancer have become Kelmenetsky, Khotyn, Sokyryansky districts. It is possible that this is precisely the use of mineral fertilizers for sprinkling gardens. Moreover, the spraying of gardens caused the death of bees (especially when sprayed during the flowering of trees and at air temperature t > + 180C). However, this does not stop the owners of gardens further engaged in the chemistry of the environment, which has been actively observed in recent years. The consequence of economic nature is the emergence of a complex environmental situation, which is due to the peculiarities of fruit plantations. First of all, fruit crops, their varieties differ not only in consumer properties of products, but also in the complex of organizational and economic and technological factors that directly affect the ecological efficiency of production. Among such factors are the periods of the largest anthropogenic stress in planting care. Ecological production of gardening products is achieved in the conditions of the organization of systematic environmental use of natural conditions and natural resources of the territory. If at least one of these components changes, the "evil" of nature and its resources is created, favorable conditions for the emergence of the ecological situation are created. For example, supersaturation of garden complexes with organic or mineral fertilizers (or their untimely introduction) leads to the "burnout" of trees and the entire garden complex. With the already complex ecological situation, today it is worthwhile to pay attention to human health in the districts of the region, to identify the causal situation of deteriorating health, to carry out a sanitary inspection of the fruit of the garden in order to detect surplus of dangerous chemical compounds in them, etc. Consequently, the creation of gardens and the obtaining of an economic effect should be considered on the basis of a rare ecologically conducive gardening. Key words: gardening, fruit planting, mineral and organic fertilizers, ecological situation.