From isolation to integration: Assessing habitat connectivity of the endangered saiga antelope in Mongolia

Abstract This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of habitat connectivity for the Mongolian saiga, a species endemic to the Western Mongolia. We utilized a resource selection function (RSF) to identify core habitats (CHs) throughout the saiga's entire range. Additionally, the Circuitscape approach was employed to map the least cost paths (LCPs) among these core habitats. The RSF models revealed a strong preference for high productivity areas, while avoiding disturbed regions. Through a spatially explicit model, 34 CHs covering an area of 12,480 km2 (30.7% of the saiga's range) were identified. The connectivity models identified 68 LCPs between various pairs of CHs, totaling 1,700 km in length across the entire saiga range. The core habitat in the center of the saiga range displayed the highest centrality scores, highlighting their critical importance in maintaining their habitat interconnectedness. Furthermore, the presence of pinch points was observed in several CH pairs within the northwest region, suggesting potential bottlenecks that may hinder movement between these habitats. It is imperative to implement measures aimed at addressing these pinch points and establishing secure corridors to facilitate the saiga movement between the CHs. To ensure the survival of the saiga, it is also crucial to mitigate the impact of existing and planned linear infrastructures, as well as other human disturbances that have the potential to fragment habitats and disrupt connectivity. These findings serve as valuable insights for targeted conservation efforts and the formulation of effective management strategies geared towards safeguarding this iconic species in Western Mongolia.