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PENENTUAN CEPAT RAMBAT DAN DECAY TIME METEO-TSUNAMI AKIBAT ERUPSI VULKANIK HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA’APAI, TONGA 2022

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Penelitian ini menganalisis kinematika perambatan gelombang tsunami lintas Samudera Pasifik akibat erupsi vulkanik Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), Tonga pada tanggal 15 Januari 2022 dalam perspektif kejadian serupa yang mungkin terjadi pada masa mendatang di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kecepatan rambat meteo-tsunami dan decay time pada kasus tsunami HTHH, Tonga 2022. Berdasarkan tsunami waveforms yang direkam oleh stasiun pemantau dari berbagai lokasi mulai yang dekat (near-field ≤ 1300 km) sampai jauh (far-field > 1300 km), data arrival times dan/atau observed travel times untuk semua muka gelombang terekam dengan baik oleh stasiun pemantau. Komparasi dengan estimated travel times yang dihitung dengan pendekatan shallow water memberikan estimasi kecepatan meteo-tsunami dalam penelitian ini adalah (1110 ± 10) km/jam, setara dengan (308 ± 3) m/s, jauh lebih besar dari tipikal kecepatan tsunami konvensional sebesar 800 km/jam, setara dengan 220 m/s selama merambat dalam zona near-field. Decay time untuk kasus HTHH, Tonga 2022 ditentukan melalui grafik pelemahan amplitudo maksimum terhadap jarak dan waktu tempuh, di mana amplitudo maksimum meluruh cepat dalam zona near-field dan menurun secara gradual dalam zona far-field. Berdasarkan waktu tempuh untuk stasiun pemantau terjauh dari episenter, decay time kasus HTHH, Tonga 2022 ditemukan sebesar 570 menit yang setara dengan 9,5 jam. Kedua temuan dalam penelitian ini (kecepatan meteo-tsunami dan decay time) tidak berbeda signifikan dengan estimasi kecepatan meteo-tsunami berbasis simulasi model perambatan meteo-tsunami dan travel time dari temuan terdahulu yang relevan. Kata Kunci: HTHH Tonga, meteo-tsunami, travel time, decay time, near-field, far-field Abstract This study analyzes the kinematics of trans-Pacific tsunami propagation due to volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH), Tonga on January 15, 2022, within perspectives of a similar event that may happen in the future in Indonesia. The aims of this research are to calculate the speed of meteo-tsunami and decay time for the 2022 HTHH, Tonga case. Based on tsunami waveforms recorded by monitoring stations at varying distances from near-fields (≤ 1300 km) to far-fields (>1300 km), the data for arrival times and/or observed travel times of leading wavefronts were well documented. In accordance with estimated travel times, calculated from shallow water approximation, the meteo-tsunami speed was found to be (1110 ± 10) km/h equivalent to (308 ± 3) m/s, significantly higher than that for a typical, conventional tsunami of 800 km/h equivalent to 220 m/s during propagation in the near-field zone. The decay time for the 2022 HTHH, Tonga was calculated using maximum tsunami amplitude attenuation with respect to distance and travel time, where the amplitude was observed to decay rapidly in the near-field and to decrease gradually in the far-field. Based on the farthest station, the decay time for the 2022 HTHH tsunami was found to be 570 minutes or 9.5 hours. The two findings in the current work (the meteo-tsunami speed and the corresponding decay time) are in good agreement with those derived from numerical solutions for tsunami modelling from previous studies. Keywords: HTHH Tonga, meteo-tsunami, travel time, decay time, near-field, far-field
Title: PENENTUAN CEPAT RAMBAT DAN DECAY TIME METEO-TSUNAMI AKIBAT ERUPSI VULKANIK HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA’APAI, TONGA 2022
Description:
Penelitian ini menganalisis kinematika perambatan gelombang tsunami lintas Samudera Pasifik akibat erupsi vulkanik Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), Tonga pada tanggal 15 Januari 2022 dalam perspektif kejadian serupa yang mungkin terjadi pada masa mendatang di Indonesia.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kecepatan rambat meteo-tsunami dan decay time pada kasus tsunami HTHH, Tonga 2022.
Berdasarkan tsunami waveforms yang direkam oleh stasiun pemantau dari berbagai lokasi mulai yang dekat (near-field ≤ 1300 km) sampai jauh (far-field > 1300 km), data arrival times dan/atau observed travel times untuk semua muka gelombang terekam dengan baik oleh stasiun pemantau.
Komparasi dengan estimated travel times yang dihitung dengan pendekatan shallow water memberikan estimasi kecepatan meteo-tsunami dalam penelitian ini adalah (1110 ± 10) km/jam, setara dengan (308 ± 3) m/s, jauh lebih besar dari tipikal kecepatan tsunami konvensional sebesar 800 km/jam, setara dengan 220 m/s selama merambat dalam zona near-field.
Decay time untuk kasus HTHH, Tonga 2022 ditentukan melalui grafik pelemahan amplitudo maksimum terhadap jarak dan waktu tempuh, di mana amplitudo maksimum meluruh cepat dalam zona near-field dan menurun secara gradual dalam zona far-field.
Berdasarkan waktu tempuh untuk stasiun pemantau terjauh dari episenter, decay time kasus HTHH, Tonga 2022 ditemukan sebesar 570 menit yang setara dengan 9,5 jam.
Kedua temuan dalam penelitian ini (kecepatan meteo-tsunami dan decay time) tidak berbeda signifikan dengan estimasi kecepatan meteo-tsunami berbasis simulasi model perambatan meteo-tsunami dan travel time dari temuan terdahulu yang relevan.
Kata Kunci: HTHH Tonga, meteo-tsunami, travel time, decay time, near-field, far-field Abstract This study analyzes the kinematics of trans-Pacific tsunami propagation due to volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH), Tonga on January 15, 2022, within perspectives of a similar event that may happen in the future in Indonesia.
The aims of this research are to calculate the speed of meteo-tsunami and decay time for the 2022 HTHH, Tonga case.
Based on tsunami waveforms recorded by monitoring stations at varying distances from near-fields (≤ 1300 km) to far-fields (>1300 km), the data for arrival times and/or observed travel times of leading wavefronts were well documented.
In accordance with estimated travel times, calculated from shallow water approximation, the meteo-tsunami speed was found to be (1110 ± 10) km/h equivalent to (308 ± 3) m/s, significantly higher than that for a typical, conventional tsunami of 800 km/h equivalent to 220 m/s during propagation in the near-field zone.
The decay time for the 2022 HTHH, Tonga was calculated using maximum tsunami amplitude attenuation with respect to distance and travel time, where the amplitude was observed to decay rapidly in the near-field and to decrease gradually in the far-field.
Based on the farthest station, the decay time for the 2022 HTHH tsunami was found to be 570 minutes or 9.
5 hours.
The two findings in the current work (the meteo-tsunami speed and the corresponding decay time) are in good agreement with those derived from numerical solutions for tsunami modelling from previous studies.
Keywords: HTHH Tonga, meteo-tsunami, travel time, decay time, near-field, far-field.

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